AI-Driven IoT Healthcare System for Real-Time ECG Analysis and Comprehensive Patient Monitoring

Abstract

This study explores the integration of deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance healthcare delivery, with a primary focus on improving electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis and real-time patient monitoring systems. The research presents the development of two innovative deep learning models based on the MIT-BIH dataset, enabling highly accurate ECG analysis. One model is trained for precise R-R peak detection, while the other performs effective classification of ECG signals into five distinct disease categories. The study also introduces an integrated healthcare system that seamlessly captures patients' real-time physiological data, including ECG, SpO₂, and temperature, using an ESP32 microcontroller and Raspberry Pi. An IoT infrastructure with Node-RED IBM Platform and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) securely transmits the ECG data to the advanced analysis algorithms. The user interface displays patients' vital signs, including heart rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature, providing healthcare professionals with comprehensive real-time insights. By integrating the deep learning models, which achieve approximately 99% accuracy, alongside robust sensor technology and an IoT architecture, this system aims to transform healthcare by enabling highly precise ECG analysis and remote patient monitoring. The findings of this study underscore the potential of the synergistic convergence of deep learning, sensor technology, and IoT to advance healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes.